Sell the whole vehicle to another user.When a consumer decides not to use a vehicle anymore, there are following options available : While the United States has not issued any regulations concerning automotive end-of-life requirements.įor example, in the UK, around two million vehicles reach the end of their life each year and these vehicles are concidered as hazardous waste untill they have been fully treated. There are some guidelines in European Union and Asian countries about this issue. The most important concerns in industeries such as automotive, are ‘protection of resources’, ‘reduction of CO2 emissions’, and ‘recycling’. However, penetration resistance is concerned with the total absorption without allowing projectile or fragment penetration. In the more accurate definition of crashworthiness, it is the potential of absorption of energy through controlled failure modes and mechanisms. At first two concepts in automotive industry should be considered: crashworthiness and penetration resistance. The ability to absorb impact energy and be survivable for the passengers is called “crashworthiness” of the structure in vehicle. Meanwhile the high cost is one of the major obstacles in use of the composite materials. Since cost may be higher, decisions to select light metals must be justified on the basis of improved functionality. Cost includes three components: actual cost of raw materials, manufacturing value added, and the cost to design and test the product.Īluminium and magnesium alloys are cerainly more costly than the currently used steel and cast irons. One of the most important consumer driven factors in automotive industry is the cost, that determines whether any new material has an oppotrunity to be selected for a vehicle component. The weight reduction versus the price increase by replacing steel by aluminium or magnesium for some of the parts is reported in Table.1. Yet the weight reduction is still the most cost-effective means to reduce fuel consumption. Optimizing the production process, such as reducing spot welding and replacing new joining techniques.īut the single main obstacle in application of lightweight materials is their high cost.Optimizing the design of load-carrying elements and exterior attachments so as to reduce their weight without any loss in rigidity or functionality.For example replacement of steel with aluminium, magnesium, composites and foams. Replacing materials of high specific weight with lower density materials without reducing rigidity and durability.
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Weight reduction can be obtained by three ways: Experiments reveal that 10 percent of weight reduction can lead to 6 to 8 percent improvement in fuel usage.
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Lightweight materials can improve fuel efficiency more than other factors. Requirments of the materials in automotive designĪs there is a high emphasis on greenhouse gas reductions, reduction of emission and improving fuel efficiency this criterion is most important one for an automotive company.
![car body design car body design](http://www.carbodydesign.com/media/2011/01/Futuristic-Concept-Cars.jpg)
In the beginning we start with explaining each criterion and then continue to introducing several materials and where they can be used. However, some of these criteria may be conflicting and therefore the optimization comes into business here. Some of these criteria are the result of legislation and regulation and some are the requirements of the customers. The most important criteria that a material should meet are lightweight, economic effectiveness, safety, recyclability and life cycle considerations. There is a variety of materials that can be used in the automotive body and chassis, but the purpose of design is the main challenge here. The choice of materials for a vehicle is the first and most important factor for automotive design.